Atrioventricular Canal (AV Canal or AVC)房室通道（AV通道或AVC）

What is atrioventricular canal?什么是房室通道？

Atrioventricular canal is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. As the fetus is growing, something occurs to affect heart development during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy, and certain areas of the heart do not form properly. AV canal is a heart problem that involves several abnormalities of structures inside the heart, including the following:房室通道是一种先天性（出生时就存在的）心脏病。在胎儿发育时，在妊娠的头8周内发生了什么事，干扰了心脏的发展，使心脏的某个区域没有正常的形成。AV通道是一种心脏病，它包括心内结构的几个异常，陈述如下：

• atrial septal defect - an opening in the atrial septum, or dividing wall between the two upper chambers of the heart known as the right and left atria.房间隔缺损：房间隔（在心脏上部称之为左、右心房的两个腔之间的中隔壁）上有缺损。
• ventricular septal defect - an opening in the ventricular septum, or dividing wall between the two lower chambers of the heart known as the right and left ventricles.室间隔缺损：室间隔（在心脏下部称之为左、右心室的两个腔之间的中隔壁）上有缺损。
• improperly formed mitral and/or tricuspid valves - the valves that separate the upper heart chambers (atria) from the lower heart chambers (ventricles) are improperly formed.二尖瓣和／或三尖瓣的异常：把下部心腔（心室）与上部心腔（心房）分隔开的两个瓣膜发于畸形。

Normally, oxygen-poor (blue) blood returns to the right atrium from the body, travels to the right ventricle, then is pumped into the lungs where it receives oxygen. Oxygen-rich (red) blood returns to the left atrium from the lungs, passes into the left ventricle, and then is pumped out to the body through the aorta.正常情况下，低氧血（蓝）从身体回到右心房，进入右心室，然后泵入肺，在这里它得到氧气。氧合血（红）从肺里返回到左心房，再进入左心室，然后泵出去通过主动脉到达全身。

An atrial septal defect allows oxygen-rich (red) blood to pass from the left atrium, through the opening in the septum, and then mix with oxygen-poor (blue) blood in the right atrium.房间隔缺损让来自左心房的氧合血（红）通过房间隔上的开口和右心房里的低氧血（蓝）混合。

A ventricular septal defect allows oxygen-rich (red) blood to pass from the left ventricle, through the opening in the septum, and then mix with oxygen-poor (blue) blood in the right ventricle.室间隔缺损让来自左心室的氧合血（红）通过室间隔上的开口和右心室里的低氧血（蓝）混合。

Abnormalities of the mitral or tricuspid valves allow blood that should be moving forward from the ventricle into either the pulmonary artery or the aorta to instead flow backward into the atria.二尖瓣或三尖瓣的异常让血流向后反流入心房，而这本来是应该从心室向前运动进入肺动脉和主动脉的。

Atrioventricular canal defects occur in about 5 percent of all congenital heart disease cases and are more common in infants with Down syndrome.房室通道大约占所有先天性心脏病病例的5％，在唐－综合征（先天性愚形）的婴儿较常见。

What causes atrioventricular canal?什么引起房室通道？

The heart is forming during the first 8 weeks of fetal development. It begins as a hollow tube, then partitions within the tube develop that eventually become the septa (or walls) dividing the right side of the heart from the left. Atrial and ventricular septal defects occur when the partitioning process does not occur completely, leaving openings in the atrial and ventricular septum. The valves that separate the upper and lower heart chambers are being formed in the latter portion of this eight-week period, and, for some reason, they do not develop properly, either.心脏形成于胚胎发育的头8周内。开始它象一个中空管，然后在管内中隔开始发育，最终成为间隔，把其分为左右两个部分。当这个分割过程不完全时就会在房和室间隔上留下缺口，产生房和室间隔缺损。在这8周的后期，瓣膜开始形成，它把心腔的上部和下部分开，由于某种原因，它们也没有发育完全。

There may be genetic influences on the development of atrioventricular canal. Consider the following statistics:参考以下的统计学结果，遗传因素可能影响房室管的发育。

• CHD is present in half of children born with Down syndrome, and 45 percent of these cases have AV canal; Down syndrome is caused by the presence of three #21 chromosomes in the cells of the body, rather than the usual pair (two) of chromosomes.半数患唐－综合征的小儿出生时有先心病，并且45％的是房室通道；唐－综合征是身体细胞里的第21对染色体三体引起，与通常染色体是成对的不同。
• Similarly, one-third of all children born with AV canal also have Down syndrome.同样的，所有出生时患有房室通道的小儿三分之一也患有唐－综合征。
• Fourteen percent of mothers with an AV canal defect give birth to a child with the disease.患房室管缺损的母亲中的14％在生产时给孩子带来该病。
• Some studies have investigated a possible link between the use of retinoic acid (a medication used for the treatment of dermatologic problems such as acne and facial wrinkles) while pregnant and the development of atrioventricular canal in the fetus.有些研究调查了在妊娠期使用维甲酸（一种用来治疗诸如痤疮和面部皱纹等皮肤问题的药物）和胎儿发生房室通道之间可能的联系。

Other chromosome abnormalities (in addition to Down syndrome) are linked to the development of atrioventricular canal. Maternal age can have an effect on the prevalence of AV canal, which may be related to the increased probability of a woman giving birth to a child with Down syndrome as she gets older.其他的染色体异常（除唐－综合症之外）与房室通道的发生有联系。母亲的年龄对房室通道的流行有影响，可能与高龄母亲生的孩子患唐－综合症的可能性增加有关。

Why is atrioventricular canal a concern?为什么房室通道受到关注？

If not treated, this heart defect can cause lung disease. When blood passes through both the ASD and VSD from the left side of the heart to the right side, then a larger volume of blood than normal must be handled by the right side of the heart. This extra blood then passes through the pulmonary artery into the lungs, causing higher pressure than normal in the blood vessels in the lungs.如果不治疗，这种心脏病可以引起肺的病变。当血流从心脏的左侧通过房间隔缺损和室间隔缺损到右侧时，比正常多的大量的血必然加重了右心的负担，造成在肺血管里比正常高的压力。

The larger the volume of blood that goes to the lungs, the higher the pressure. The lungs are able to cope with this extra pressure for a while, depending on exactly how high the pressure is. After a while, however, the blood vessels in the lungs become damaged by the extra pressure.越大量的血涌入肺会造成越高的压力，最初肺还可以应付这额外的压力，然而，时间长了，这额外的压力对肺内血管造成损伤。

As pressure builds up in the lungs, the flow of blood from the left side of the heart to the right side and on to the lungs will diminish. This helps preserve the function of the lungs, but causes yet another problem. Blood flow within the heart goes from areas where the pressure is high to areas where the pressure is low. If the septal defects are not repaired, and lung disease begins to occur, pressure in the right side of the heart will eventually exceed pressure in the left. In this instance, it will be easier for oxygen-poor (blue) blood to flow from the right side of the heart, through the ASD and VSD, into the left ventricle, and on to the body. When this happens, the body does not receive enough oxygen in the bloodstream to meet its needs, and children may become cyanotic, or exhibit a blue coloring in their skin, lips, and nailbeds.随着肺内压力的升高，左向右到肺的血流会减少。这对保护肺的功能有帮助，但也带来了另外的问题。心内的血液总是从高压的区域流向低压的区域。如果没有修补间隔的缺损，肺的病变开始发生，右侧的压力最终将会超过左侧的压力。这时，右心的低氧血（蓝）就容易通过房缺和室缺分流到左心，然后到全身。当这发生时，身体得不到血液中足够的氧来满足自身的需要，患儿就会变得紫绀，皮肤、口唇、和甲床呈现蓝色。

Because blood is pumped at high pressure through the septal openings, the lining of the right and left ventricles will become irritated and inflamed. Bacteria in the bloodstream can easily infect this injured area, causing a serious illness known as bacterial endocarditis.由于血液是在高压下泵出通过间隔的缺损，左右心室的内膜就会变得敏感和充血。血流中的细菌就容易感染这受伤的区域，引起细菌性心内膜炎这样严重的病。

What are the symptoms of an atrioventricular canal defect?什么是房室通道的症状？

The size of the septal openings will affect the type of symptoms noted, the severity of symptoms, and the age at which they first occur. The larger the openings, the greater the amount of blood that passes through from the left side of the heart to the right and overloads the right heart and the lungs.间隔缺损的大小将影响到症状的类型，严重程度，和最初发生的年龄。缺损越大，越大量的血从左向右分流并且使右心和肺超负荷。

Symptoms occur in infancy. The following are the most common symptoms of AVC.症状发生在婴儿期。以下是AVC最常见的症状。 However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:每一个患儿可能有不同的症状，包括：

• fatigue疲倦
• sweating多汗
• pale skin皮肤苍白
• cool skin皮肤凉
• rapid breathing呼吸急促
• heavy breathing沉重的呼吸
• rapid heart rate快速的心律
• congested breathing充满的呼吸
• disinterest in feeding, or tiring while feeding对喂食无兴趣，或喂食时厌倦
• poor weight gain体重增加缓慢

As the pressure in the lungs rises, blood within the heart will eventually "shunt" through the septal openings from right heart to the left. This allows oxygen-poor (blue) blood to reach the body, and cyanosis will be noted. Cyanosis gives a blue color to the lips, nailbeds, and skin. The symptoms of AVC may resemble other medical conditions or heart problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.随着肺内压力的增高，最终，心内的分流成为右向左分流，使得低氧（蓝）血到达全身，并且出现紫绀。自感时的口唇、甲床、和皮肤发蓝。AVC的这些症状可能与其他的疾病或心脏问题相似。要请你的孩子的医生明确诊断。

How is AV canal diagnosed?房室通道是怎样诊断的？

Your child's pediatrician may have heard a heart murmur during a physical examination, and referred your child to a pediatric cardiologist for a diagnosis. A heart murmur is simply a noise caused by the turbulence of blood flowing through the opening from the left side of the heart to the right. Symptoms your child exhibits will also help with the diagnosis.在查体时你的孩子的儿科医生可能听到心脏的杂音，而让你的孩子去看一位儿童心脏专家以明确诊断。心脏的杂音是由于血流从左心向右通过缺损口时产生的湍流而引起，你的孩子出现的症状亦有助于作出诊断。

A pediatric cardiologist specializes in the diagnosis and medical management of congenital heart defects, as well as heart problems that may develop later in childhood. The cardiologist will perform a physical examination, listening to the heart and lungs, and make other observations that help in the diagnosis. The location within the chest that the murmur is heard best, as well as the loudness and quality of the murmur (harsh, blowing, etc.) will give the cardiologist an initial idea of which heart problem your child may have. However, other tests are needed to help with the diagnosis, and may include the following:一位儿童心脏病专家专门研究先天性心脏病的诊断和医疗方法，和随后心脏问题在儿童期可能的发展。心脏专家将进行体检，听诊你的孩子的心和肺，作一些有助于诊断的观测。在胸部杂音听得最清楚的位置，以及杂音的响度和性质（粗糙的，吹风样的，等等）对于你的孩子可能患有什么样的心脏问题，将给心脏专家一个初步的意向。然而，有助于诊断的其他的一些检查也是需要的，可能包括以下的检查：

• chest x-ray - a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.胸部X线检查：用一种看不见的电磁能量束投射在胶片上产生内部组织，骨骼，和脏器的影像的诊断性的检查。
• electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) - a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, shows abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias or dysrhythmias), and detects heart muscle stress.心电图（ECG或EKG）：一种记录心脏电活动的测试，可以显示不正常的心律（arrhythmias或dysrhythmias),还可以发现心肌损害。
  
• echocardiogram (echo) - a procedure that evaluates the structure and function of the heart by using sound waves recorded on an electronic sensor that produce a moving picture of the heart and heart valves. An echo can show the pattern of blood flow through the septal openings, and determine how large the openings are, as well as how much blood is passing through them.超声心动图（echo)：一种通过把超声波记录在电子传感器上再转换成心脏和心脏瓣膜的活动影像来评价心脏的结构和功能的方法。
  超声可以显示通过间隔缺损的血流的形式，和测定缺损口的大小，以及多少血液通过它们。
• cardiac catheterization - a cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure that gives very detailed information about the structures inside the heart. Under sedation, a small, thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin, and guided to the inside of the heart. Blood pressure and oxygen measurements are taken in the four chambers of the heart, as well as the pulmonary artery and aorta. Contrast dye is also injected to more clearly visualize the structures inside the heart.心导管检查：心导管检查是一种侵入性的检查，它能够提供关于心内结构的很详细的信息。在镇静状态下，一条细小，壁薄，柔软的管子（心导管）在腹股沟部位插入血管，并且引导进入心内。在心脏的四个腔里以及肺动脉和主动脉里分别测量血压和血氧。也可以注入造影剂以便于更清楚的观察心内的结构。

Treatment for atrioventricular canal:房室通道的治疗：

Specific treatment for atrioventricular canal will be determined by your child's physician based on:的特殊治疗将由你孩子的医生根据以下几点作出决定：

• your child's age, overall health, and medical history
• extent of the disease
• your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• expectations for the course of the disease
• your opinion or preference
• 你孩子的年龄，全面的健康情况，和病史。
• 病的程度。
• 你的孩子对于特殊的药物，手术，或其他治疗的耐受性。
• 疾病过程的预后。
• 你的意见或选择。

AV canal is treated by surgical repair of the defects. However, medical support (i.e., medications) may be necessary until the operation is performed. Treatment may include:房室通道是通过外科手术修补缺损来治疗。然而，直到手术时药物治疗可能是必要的。治疗可能包括：

• medical management药物处理
  Many children will eventually need to take medications to help the heart and lungs work better, due to strain from the extra blood passing through the septal defects. Medications that may be prescribed include the following:一些患儿最终需要服药来改善由于承受通过间隔缺损的多量额外血液而不堪重负的心和肺的工作。药物治疗可能处方如下：
• digoxin - helps strengthen the heart muscle, enabling it to pump more efficiently.
  地高辛：帮助加强心肌，使其泵功能更有效。
• diuretics - the body's water balance can be affected when the heart is not working as well as it could. These medications help the kidneys remove excess fluid from the body.利尿剂：当心功能不够好时,体内的水平衡受到影响。这些药帮助肾脏从身体里排除过多的液体。
• ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors dilates the blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood forward into the body.ACE（血管紧张素转换酶）抑制剂扩张血管使得心脏向全身泵血较容易。
• adequate nutrition足够的营养
  Infants may become tired when feeding, and may not be able to eat enough to gain weight. Options that can be used to ensure your baby will have adequate nutrition include:婴儿可能厌倦喂食，不能吃进足够的食物以增加体重。以下的选择可以保证你的宝贝获得足够的营养：
• high-calorie formula or breast milk高－卡路里配方或母乳
  Special nutritional supplements may be added to formula or pumped breast milk that increase the number of calories in each ounce, thereby allowing your baby to drink less and still consume enough calories to grow properly.特殊的营养补充可以加入配方，或吸母乳可以增加每盎司的卡路里值，因此使你的宝贝喝得少一点但仍可吃进足够的卡路里正常的生长。
• supplemental tube feedings补充管喂养
  Feedings given through a small, flexible tube that passes through the nose, down the esophagus, and into the stomach, can either supplement or take the place of bottle feedings. Infants who can drink part of their bottle, but not all, may be fed the remainder through the feeding tube. Infants who are too tired to bottle feed may receive their formula or breast milk through the feeding tube alone.通过一条细小，柔软的从鼻插入经食管下去进入胃的管子给食，可以作为补充或代替奶瓶喂养。婴儿可以用奶瓶喝一部分，但不是全部，可以通过饲养管喂进其余的部分。婴儿用奶瓶喂太累时，可以只通过胃管得到他们的配方奶或母乳。
• infection control感染控制
  Children with certain heart defects are at risk for developing an infection of the inner surfaces of the heart known as bacterial endocarditis. A common procedure that puts your child at risk for this infection is a routine dental check-up and teeth cleaning. Other procedures may also increase the risk of the heart infection occurring. However, giving children with heart defects an antibiotic by mouth before these procedures can help prevent bacterial endocarditis. It is important that you inform all medical personnel that your child has a an atrioventricular canal defect so they may determine if the antibiotics are necessary before a procedure.先天性心脏病的患儿有患细菌性心内膜炎的危险。一个常见的使你的孩子暴露在感染的危险中的程序是常规的牙医检查和牙齿清洁。其他的程序可能也会增加发生心脏感染的危险。然而，在进行这些程序以前给有心脏病的患儿口服抗生素可以帮助预防细菌性心内膜炎。重要的是你要通知有关的医务人员你的孩子患有房室通道畸形，这样他们会决定是否有必要事先给抗生素。
• surgical repair手术修补 
  The goal is to repair the septal openings and repair the valves before the lungs become damaged from too much blood flow and pressure. Your child's cardiologist will recommend when the repair should be performed based on results from the echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization.目的是在肺血管由于受到过多的血流和压力发生病变之前修补间隔的缺损和修补有缺陷的瓣膜。根据超声心动图和心导管检查的结果，对于修补术应当什么时候施行，你孩子的心脏专家将会给你建议。

The operative methods used to repair atrioventricular canal have improved greatly in the past decade, and the operation has a high likelihood of success. Most children undergo surgery by the age of 6 months. Children with Down syndrome may develop lung problems earlier than other children, and may need to have surgical repair at an earlier age.修补房室通道的手术方法在过去的十年里有很大的改进，使手术的成功有高的可能性。多数孩子在6个月时经受手术。患唐－综合征的孩子可能比其他孩子早的发生肺的问题，和可能需要在较小的年龄接受手术修补。

The operation is performed under general anesthesia.手术要在全身麻醉下进行。

The atrial and ventricular septal defects are often closed with a pericardial patch made from the membrane that covers the outside surface of the heart, or a patch made from synthetic material. The valve repair technique will differ according to the abnormality and the surgeon's preferences.房和室间隔缺损经常用心包片修补，或者是合成材料做的补片。根据瓣膜的畸形和外科医生的偏爱瓣膜的修复技术将有所不同。

Postoperative care for your child:你孩子的术后护理

Children will spend time in the intensive care unit (ICU) after an AV canal repair. During the first several hours after surgery, your child will be very drowsy from the anesthesia that was used during the operation, and from medications given to relax him/her and to help with pain. To help your child rest, these medications might be continued overnight or longer. As time goes by, your child will become more alert.在房室通道修补术后患儿将在监护室（ICU)待些时间，在术后最初几个小时里由于手术中用的麻醉药，肌松药和镇痛药的作用，你的孩子将在昏睡中。为了帮助你孩子休息，可能继续应用这些药物过夜或更长的时间。随着时间的推移，你孩子将逐渐的清醒。

While your child is in the ICU, special equipment will be used to help him/her recover, and may include the following:当你的孩子在ICU里时，某些特殊的设备将用来帮助他／她康复，包括以下的：

• ventilator - a machine that helps your child breathe while he/she is under anesthesia during the operation. A small, plastic tube is guided into the windpipe and attached to the ventilator, which breathes for your child while he/she is too sleepy to breathe effectively on his/her own. After a truncus repair, children will benefit from remaining on the ventilator overnight or even longer so they can rest.呼吸机：一个当你孩子在麻醉下手术时帮助他／她呼吸的机器。一个细小的塑料管插入气管并与呼吸机连接，当你的孩子沉睡不能自己有效地呼吸时，它给你的小孩通气。手术后许多患儿继续使用呼吸机一段时间，如此他们可以得到休息。
• intravenous (IV) catheters - small, plastic tubes inserted through the skin into blood vessels to provide IV fluids and important medicines that help your child recover from the operation.静脉内（IV）导管：一条细小的塑料管经过皮肤插入血管，输注你的孩子手术后康复所需要的静脉液体和重要的药物。
• arterial line - a specialized IV placed in the wrist or other area of the body where a pulse can be felt, that measures blood pressure continuously during surgery and while your child is in the ICU.动脉管：一个专门的动脉内小插管，安置在腕部或身体其他可以触到脉搏的地方，当你的小孩在手术期间或在ICU里时用来连续测量血压的。
  
• nasogastric (NG) tube - a small, flexible tube that keeps the stomach drained of acid and gas bubbles that may build up during surgery.鼻胃（NG)管：一个细小的，柔软的管子，用来持续排空胃内在手术期间可能聚集的胃酸和胃内气体。
• urinary catheter - a small, flexible tube that allows urine to drain out of the bladder and accurately measures how much urine the body makes, which helps determine how well the heart is functioning. After surgery, the heart will be a little weaker than it was before, and, therefore, the body may start to hold onto fluid, causing swelling and puffiness. Diuretics may be given to help the kidneys to remove excess fluids from the body.导尿管：一个细小的，柔软的管子从膀胱引流尿液并且精确的测量机体产生了多少尿液，这对于判断心功能如何有帮助。在手术后，心脏比以前会有一点虚弱，并且，因此，机体可能开始保持液体，引起水肿和虚胖。可能会给与利尿药以帮助肾脏从身体里排出过多的液体。
• chest tube - a drainage tube may be inserted to keep the chest free of blood that would otherwise accumulate after the incision is closed. Bleeding may occur for several hours, or even a few days after surgery.胸管：一根胸腔引流管保持切口缝合以后胸腔里没有集血。出血可能发生在术后数小时或甚至几天。
• heart monitor - a machine that constantly displays a picture of your child's heart rhythm, and monitors heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and other values.心脏监视器：一个机器持续的显示你孩子的心律的图形，并且监视心率，动脉血压，和其它的数值。

Your child may need other equipment not mentioned here to provide support while in the ICU, or afterwards. The hospital staff will explain all of the necessary equipment to you.当你的小孩在ICU里时可能需要这里没有提到的设备提供支持。医院的职员将向你说明所有的这些必需的设备。

Your child will be kept as comfortable as possible with several different medications; some which relieve pain, and some which relieve anxiety. The staff will also be asking for your input as to how best to soothe and comfort your child.使用几种不同的药物治疗，将使你的孩子尽可能的保持舒适；有的止痛，有的解除焦虑。职员将会告诉你怎样最好的使你的孩子安静和舒适。

After discharged from the ICU, your child will recuperate on another hospital unit for a few days before going home. You will learn how to care for your child at home before your child is discharged. Your child may need to take medications for a while at home, and these will be explained to you. The staff will give you written instructions regarding medications, activity limitations, and follow-up appointments before your child is discharged.从ICU转出之后，在回家之前你的孩子要在医院的另一个单元里恢复几天。在你的孩子出院之前，你将要学习在家里怎样照顾你的孩子。你的孩子可能需要服药一段时间，并且这些将向你解释。在你的孩子出院之前，职员将给你关于药物治疗，活动限制，和随访约定的指导。

Caring for your child at home following AV canal repair:房室通道手术后在家里护理你的孩子

Most infants and older children feel fairly comfortable when they go home. Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable. Your child's physician will discuss pain control before your child is discharged from the hospital.大多数婴儿和大一些的孩子在回家时感觉相当不错。止痛药比如醋氨酚或布洛芬，可以用来保持你孩子舒服。在出院前你孩子的医生会和你讨论控制疼痛的方法。

Often, infants who fed poorly prior to surgery have more energy after the recuperation period, and begin to eat better and gain weight faster. However, high-calorie formulas may be needed for several weeks or months after surgery to help your child catch up growth-wise. Tube feedings may also be helpful until your child is able to feed better.经常的，有些术前很难喂的婴儿在恢复期后有了较大的活力，开始吃得好一些和较快的增加体重。然而，在手术后高卡路里的配方可能还需要给数周或数月以帮助你孩子的生长发育赶上正常。胃管饲养可能还会有帮助，直到你的孩子吃得好为止。

After surgery, older children usually have a fair tolerance for activity. Your child may become tired easily, and sleep more right after surgery, but, within a few weeks, your child may be fully recovered.手术后，大一些的孩子通常活动能力有改善。你的孩子可能容易疲劳，睡得好一些，但是，在数周内，你孩子可能完全痊愈了。

You may receive additional instructions from your child's physicians and the hospital staff.你可能从你孩子的医生和医院的职员那里得到进一步的指导。

Long-term outlook after AV canal surgical repair:房室通道手术后的长期效果

Many children who have had an AV canal defect repair will live healthy lives. Activity levels, appetite, and growth will eventually return to normal in most children. Your child's cardiologist may recommend that antibiotics be given to prevent bacterial endocarditis for a specific time period after discharge from the hospital.许多孩子在接受房室通道手术后将过上健康的生活，活动能力，食欲，和生长发育最终恢复正常。在出院后的一段时间内你孩子的心脏专家将给于抗生素预防细菌性心内膜炎。

Some children will still have some degree of mitral or tricuspid valve abnormality after AV canal repair surgery. This may require another operation in the future to repair the leaky valve(s).有些患儿在房室通道手术后，仍然有一定程度的二尖瓣或三尖瓣异常，这可能需要将来再次手术修复漏的瓣膜。

Children with Down syndrome will benefit from special programs that enhance their mental and physical development. Your child's physician can assist you in locating such programs in your community.伴有唐－综合征的患儿将从一种特殊的促进他们的智力和体力发展的教育项目获益。你孩子的医生能够帮助你找到离你们最近的这种项目。

Consult your child's physician regarding the specific outlook for your child.教请你孩子的医生关于你孩子的前景。

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